作为新手,是先用中文写再翻译,还是直接用英文写?
这主要决定于你的英文水平和写论文的水平。我个人觉得写英文论文的过程中大致要经历三个阶段,你处于哪个阶段决定了你采用什么样的方法。第一阶段,绝对新手,尤其是基础比较弱,信心也不强,有拖延症的新手,先写出中文稿,再写英文稿是有好处的。对于英文水平实在不足的新手,先写中文稿也可以让你专注于跨越内容和逻辑上的障碍。由于母语是中文,你自然对中文的语法、表达和逻辑会更敏感、更有把握。不知道你是不是经常遇到这样的情况:即使使用中文写作,也不是一下子就能把文章写出来。如果碰到这样的情况,不要着急、更不要气馁,因为其实几乎每个人都会这样,即使所谓的“写作能手”,碰到他们不熟悉的新的主题,也要花费很多时间来构思的。碰到写出来的时候,作为新手,最重要的是把问题真正思考清楚,分析清楚。由于熟悉中文,你就不至于拘泥于遣词造句上,反复折腾英文表达,花上许多时间也没写出两句话来,反而把真正重要的东西给错过了。
中英文有不同的表述习惯。一个英文从句往往需要拆成多个中文短句才自然。但逻辑和内容是可以跨越语言的。先写中文稿并不是让新手从中文稿逐句逐词翻译出英文稿。对于很多新手,我是推荐他们一开始用中文写作的。因为这样才能让他们意识到自己写不出的主要原因不是英文不好,而是逻辑和内容没想清楚(尽管真相很伤自诩逻辑思维能力强的理科生的心)。
总之,如果对自己的英语水平实在没有信心,我建议你先用中文打出草稿、理清思路,想清问题,把一个复杂任务分为两步,把复杂性降下来。第二阶段,如果你已经读了很多同类的高水平的英文文献,英语水平也有了提升,我就强烈建议你用母语、也就是中文,搭建文章主体结构,到具体阐述论证的时候,由于英语与中文表达侧重及语法呈现的巨大差异,再用英文进行写作较妥。第三阶段,如果你想真正写出一篇高水平的文章,最终必须要直接用英文写文章。需要培养英文思维。打底稿翻译失之毫厘,谬以千里,不准确性越来越大。尤其是术语翻译更难做到精确。所以想培养英文写作的好习惯,我的建议是平时多读英文文献,挑选、整理出自己的“精读文库”(下面还会详细讲解选择精读文献这件事情),不断模仿、学习、总结、提高,实现质的飞跃。
写英文文献的一般步骤是什么?确定研究方向->查找资料->阅读与筛选-> 分类与归纳->分析与整理提纲常用句型
论文写作主要是简单句,不要以为一句很长的话会让你的文章变得高大尚,这就大错特错了。因为句子长的话不容易懂,二是容易犯语法错误,下面是我看文献总结的一些句型。
a 目的语句
1.to develop the methods for... 2.the effect of various sth on the growth,sth were studied.
b 文献回顾语句
1.during the past decades, much work has been done to... 2.sth play important physiopathological and therapeutic roles in sth. 3.several sth have been studied for their effe-cts on the reduction of IOP and their role in the treatment of A.
c 引起人们重视的语句
During the past decade, there has been an incre-asing interest in...
d 研究表明的语句
1.little is known about....2.there have been only a few attempts to...3.the role of remains sth clarified....4.compared with our knowledge of sth little is known about...5.However, the effects of sth havn't been inves-tigated throughly.6.sth has never been satisfactorily explained.
e 研究目的语句
1.the porpose of the present study was to inves-tigate sth by some methods.2.we also wanted to study factors influencing sth content and production, as well as the...
f 比较分析类语句
1.recently sth studies indicate that A is different from B and similar to C, eg, the occurrence of A is related to the sunlight exposure and...whereas the B are not.2.the diference between the A and B may deter-mined by the different enviromental and...3.these results indicated that X only stimulated cell growth at a high concentration.
g 与…相反,相反地…
http://1.In contrast to...2.By contrast, sth may play a major role in the differentiation of sth.3.Contrary to T, sth processed and presented on their native state.
h 证明语句
http://1.In order to ascertain that...2.To confirm that CSR led to proper recombina-tion we amplified PSTs for each isotype by using specific primers.
i 值得注意的语句
1.It is noteworthy that N exhibit two transcripts, because of......2.It is important to note that several observatio-ns indicate that...
j 综上所述语句
1.these results indicate that...2.Taken together with our previous study in vitro data indicating that...3.These observations collectively demonstrate that regulated sthcan affect sth's development depending on the context of its expression.
k 表示要进一步研究的语句…
1.However, further studies are needed to determ-ine the extent to which..
显然,对于一个英语非母语的人而言,要避免类似得不偿失的事件再发生,少不得要对英文文章进行认真的核查及润色。但问题在于每每大家在给论文纠错时都会自带模糊滤镜,不少语法、用法以及拼写上的错误稍不留神就成为了“漏网之鱼”。
在此,本文推荐给大家10款检查写作文法的神器,它们多数为native speaker设计,运用了地道的英语规则和人工智能设计,准确度和专业性相对较高,可使英文文章中的小错误无处遁形。
1、Grammarly一款主打拼写和语法检查的软件,其兼容性非常好,无论是Windows还是Mac它都可以轻松驾驭。
2、StyleWriter这款润色神器除了校对功能外,还有专业术语、句子和可读性检查等多达39项检测,
网址:http://www.editorsoftware.com/Styl
3、Ginger可直接对word文档进行逐句语法检查,然后给出语法建议,在检查复数和语法等方面很出色
网址:http://www.gingersoftware.com/zh
4、WhiteSmoke能按照整句润色英文文章。并能根据作文的语境替换更恰当的词汇,美化语句和写作风格
8、NounPlus主要侧重于语法、句法,并且拥有超过1000个常用的语法错误筛选机制。你还可以安装手机应用来使用
网址:https://www.nounplus.net/grammarche